Muhajababes

 
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Generational conflicts are nothing new in life or books, but one such conflict, at the center of a new read, has far-reaching implications.

MuhajababesThis week, we examine Muhajababes: Meet the New Middle East – Young, Sexy and Devout by Allegra Stratton.

Stratton’s book is an international tour of the Mideast’s emerging youth culture, In it, she brings to life a world that is both charming and alarming as it tussles with a faith community whose global majority is under 25 years of age.

Although this book is very much promoted as an examination of Muslim youth, in many respects it is far more about the social pressure, religious and political winds and cultural tensions to which young people are more subjects than those who define their lives on their own terms. As a result, a good chunk of Muhajababes is dedicated to the adults whose visions are influencing the young. Stratton does a spectacular job of digging into these adults’ mindsets, be they conservative jihadis, feel-good moderates or well-heeled liberals.

Stratton also does a good job of bringing to a larger audience the alternate religious universe created for youth by these adults. Whether it is the video games aimed at glorifying nationalist fantasies and counteracting Western entertainment or Muslim leaders exhorting followers to gain wealth as a demonstration of Allah’s greatness, starkly different versions of Islam are pitched to appeal to youth in ways the casual reader probably would never otherwise know about.

The author will most certainly be criticized in this telling of Muslim youth life over what seems to be a lot of focus on largely middle- and upper-class Muslims, many of whom who have access to education, media and power that the poor do not. Indeed, it is difficult to ascertain how representative the Muslim youth culture Stratton presents is to the global Muslim experience. Let there be no question, however, that she has actively sought major cultural players for this book, and, in sharing a behind-the-scenes look at this generational shift, her work succeeds on many levels.

The Boys from Dolores

 
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You may have read a book on Cuba once before, but a new release takes a completely different tack to tell a story that seems fresh in the hands of a capable writer.

The Boys from DoloresThis week, we examine new paperback edition of The Boys from Dolores: Fidel Castro’s Schoolmates from Revolution to Exile by Patrick Symmes.

Ostensibly, this book tracks the lives of the men who went to school at El Colegio de Dolores with Fidel Castro, years before his rebellion would change Cuba forever. El Colegio de Dolores was run by Jesuit priests as a school where the country’s future leaders could be groomed as the next generation of elites. And the book does indeed follow those men, now elderly and in various positions, inside Cuba and out. Slices of history, including the Bay of Pigs and meetings heretofore unknown, come to life in this unique tale. Stories of hope as well as despair abound. Symmes brings a realist’s eye to Cuba.

But what is interesting about this book is how much farther it goes than as a history lesson. From the pen of a truly gifted writer, The Boys from Dolores is as much about Cuba’s present as it is its past. The author shares an exuberant, colorful tale of the poorly understood island nation through the eyes of friends as well as enemies of the revolution, those who live there, as well as the first-person experience. Symmes is a consummate storyteller. Whether it is his retelling of the Carnaval experience or the operations of the government in the lives of Cuban people and tourists, his interactions with the Cuba few know are entrancing. The richness of each detail makes the book a real feast for those of you who appreciate the craft of creative writing. The Boys from Dolores is a triumphant book, well worth your time.

Free Ride

 
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John McCain has garnered media adoration for his military service, time spent as a prisoner of war and Congressional efforts to reform campaign finance. But McCain also has a reputation for a bare-knuckled style of politics that punishes opposition and engages in verbal clubbings aplenty. One new book on the presumptive Republican presidential candidate digs deep into his less than flattering moments.

free rideThis week, we examine Free Ride: John McCain and the Media by David Brock and Paul Waldman

John McCain has come a long way since his 1989, when, as a member of the Keating Five, he was accused of corruption related to a savings and loan investigation. By 1991, the Senate Ethics Committee found McCain had been involved in the scandal, and the Arizona senator, by all accounts, went on a crusade to clean up his image and legacy.

How well he’s done is still the subject of debate. While mainstream media fawns over McCain’s many positive contributions in Congress, others point to the calculated manner in which the senator has crafted an image that at times clashes with his private persona. Free Ride is an opinionated look at McCain’s record of inter-party dealings, media comments, questionable actions in Congress and a lot more. Authors Brock and Waldman lay out transcripts, personal accounts and meeting notes to make their case, and it is at many moments convincing. At other points, it is hard to say if Free Ride is pointing out true McCain lapses, or just the commonplace goings-on and chatter of backroom politics that surely happens on the Hill each day.

Thus, it remains to be seen whether Free Ride will win over people to a new way of thinking. A lot of this book seems to be written for those who are probably already skeptical of McCain and are not necessarily voting for him. If you are a fan of the candidate, chances are a lot of examples here will simply be dismissed as McCain’s trademark ’straight talk.’ With the election season underway, the number of writings critical of John McCain will surely grow. Free Ride is one of the early books, and might be one of the better ones when all is said and done.

Radical Sisters

 
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Feminism and Black liberation were two of the most significant tendencies to sprout during the Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War era. And many writings over the years have covered the complex battles over race, gender, class and sexual orientation that impacted both movements and others. The textured battleground of the United States capital frames both movements and discussions in a new release.

radical sistersThis week, we examine Radical Sisters: Second-Wave Feminism and Black Liberation in Washington, D.C., by Anne M. Valk.

Social movements for at least the last few generations have tussled with concepts of equality for women and what that means in relation to the overall struggle for justice. During the 1960s, women’s liberation organizing came into what became known as its Second Wave, and, with tactics like conscious raising at their disposal, women in Washington, D.C. and elsewhere began to see the distinct nature of the oppression they faced. As author Valk notes in Radical Sisters, feminism impacted and would be impacted by the diverse milieu of the time.

Valk collects a vivid tapestry of stories from the period and into the 1970s. African-American progressive women, as this book makes abundantly clear, faced incredible pressures. Blasted by nationalists for hurting the status of Black men; holding accountable comrades who had professed support for women’s and gay liberation yet faced difficulties in putting it to practice; and forming their own identities as feminists separate from white women, who often had not dealt with their own internalized racism, Black women carved out a space in which political ideology found a place at the table with the practical needs of family and education. It’s hard not to admire their determination and sacrifice.

The author imparts knowledge of groups long forgotten by the mainstream culture: the Furies, which advocated lesbianism as a step in revolutionary action; the National Black Feminist Organization, which embraced feminism and Black Power; and many others. Valk covers the successes and failures, and, in that moment, reminds us how far we need to go in understanding both race and gender.

The Fire and the Word

 
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For a book on the Zapatista movement to be called its most comprehensive history by insurgent leader Subcomandante Marcos, a work must be exceptionally meaningful. Yet amid a sea of writings on the Zapatistas, one book, composed by an author with intimate knowledge of the struggle, stands alone as just that text.

the fire and the wordThis week, we examine The Fire and the Word: A History of the Zapatista Movement by Gloria Munoz Ramirez.

In 1997, the author, a journalist for such publications as La Jornada, left the life she knew to spend seven years living among members of the Zapatista National Liberation Army, a revolutionary campaign based in the Mexican state of Chiapas. Zapatistas came into the popular consciousness in 1994, when troops took over seven municipal seats in Chiapas and declared war against the country’s elites with demands for land, housing, food, education and independence. Although the flames that sparked the first clamor have long been tempered by peace talks, community efforts and new initatives, the Zapatistas still capture the imagination by recalling familiar social justice refrains and the defiance of the group’s namesake, agrarian and outlaw Emiliano Zapata.

In The Fire and the Word — a book originally published in Mexico, but now reprinted in the United States with updates — Munoz traces the Zapatistas’ roots to the organization’s founding in 1983, as well as the years after the historic New Years Day uprising in the mid-1990s. The pre-upheaval period, as told from the perspective of the instigators from the early days, is the most seductive, because so few books tell the story so completely. In addition, the book is accompanied by dozens of illustrations and photographs, many of which provide a confidential glimpse into the Zapatistas’ world and the players themselves.

From the 1994 action and beyond, Munoz writes with sympathy of the courage of Indian peasants in facing down the Mexican army, and of the Zapatistas’ dynamic role in changing the political dialogue of a nation. A purely academic book it is not, nor should it be. The Fire and the Word should be considered a touchstone in telling the tale of a crusade that, as Zapata long before, soldiers on for dignity and freedom.

Black Space

 
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The science fiction movie genre has been, for generations, far more than astronauts and lunar landers. But what about a role as a cultural weather vane? A new book, one of the first major writings on race in science fiction, sees sci-fi’s occasional, even tokenized, appearance of people of color in a much different light.

This week, we examine Black Space: Imagining Race in Science Fiction Film by Adilifu Nama.

Science fiction’s multilayered vision of the future, in author Nama’s work, is still a plateau grounded in the contemporary realities of race. More specifically, as in dissection of the movie They Live, science fiction has, at times, offered a chance for a discussion about inequality, power and the cultural contradictions between white working-class idealism based in Horatio Alger-inspired meritocracy and the long-unresolved disenfranchisement of people of color which has engendered mistrust.

In Black Space, sci-fi gives the viewer a glimpse into racial fears and tensions of their periods. In the film Demolition Man, the menacing Black man in Wesley Snipes stands tall amid a burning Los Angeles shortly after the 1993 rebellions following the Rodney King case, in which white police officers were acquitted for a vicious beating caught on film. In Aliens, the lone Latino character faces anti-immigrant potshots by fellow soldiers. Class and economics become weapons in subverting the idea of racial justice in some works. And urban blight, typified in the movie Escape from New York, becomes a racial allegory for abandonment.

The films and Nama’s interpretations are diverse. From hit sci-fi fare to obscure movies over the decades, references go from anecdotal to engrossing. How race, sex and politics are portrayed as ever evolving. However, as the author states later, the historical struggles by people of color are hardly ever overtly examined or taken on as a major narrative in any science fiction film. Instead sci-fi, as with technology, exploration and the unknown, offers a futuristic look at race, and where it could be.

Manifestos on the Future of Food and Seed

 
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How do economic factors like gentrification and subsidies shape the food we receive and how we get it? A particular incisive book, Manifestos on the Future of Food and Seed, edited by Vandana Shiva, tells us how.

Manifestos on the Future of Food and SeedLet’s spare the flowery words and cut right to the chase: this book, edited by noted scholar and activist Vandana Shiva, will change the way you look at food. If the early selections focused on the Terra Madre and Slow Food endeavors are confusing or put you off, don’t let that stop you from continuing through this brief but revelatory political document. Shiva and a constellation of writers, from bestselling author Michael Pollan to Prince Charles address the totality of food justice issues. Shiva and Pollan are, as you might expect, most on point; their analyses are hard-hitting, though you sometimes wonder what if any of the solutions they suggest could be viable, given how tightly powerful business forces are bound to the political elite globally

Manifestos on the Future of Food and Seed is such a revelatory book because it is not your average food book. There is a small section of books on food as a social issue, and many focus on livestock, animal rights and factory farms. Fair discussion? Certainly, though singular targets seem to miss the totality before us. Manifestos rightly points out the depth of this problem. Globalization has turned business efforts not into delivered nutritious fruits and vegetables, but ones that can travel long distances. Foodstuffs once considered exotic are mass produced, and local farmers cannot hope to compete with agribusiness’ ability to conduct mass harvests that thwart biodiversity; mass livestock slaughter that would otherwise bankrupt a small farm; and fund scientific research bent on trademarking even more durable food. One can only hope Manifestos on the Future of Food and Seed gets into the hands of more people this election year — enough to make food justice a campaign issue.

Our History is Still Being Written

 
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Military history can be a dry topic. One can only find so many angles to the Civil War, World War II or Vietnam, after all. Hence, Our History Is Still Being Written: The Story of Three Chinese-Cuban Generals in the Cuban Revolution, one partisan take of Cuba’s military efforts, makes for intriguing history.

Our History is Still Being WrittenNo country has captured the American military imagination quite like Cuba. In Cuba is a nation where a ragtag group of revolutionaries arrived on the island, intent on overthrowing Fulgencio Batista, scored a series of key battle victories and an eventual ascension to power as well as export of a socialist ideology to Latin America and Africa. Whether you agree with the Cuban Revolution or not, Our History Is Still Being Written is remarkable in relating the story of such a story, through the eyes of three Chinese-Cubans.

China itself has a unique political history. And the appearance of Chinese immigrants in Cuba is probably worth a volume or two. Some of these issues are related here, but Our History Is Still Being Written primarily talks about the complex issues and backstories that impacted Cuba before and after the Revolution. Class contradictions, resource management and nationalization of industries are just a few of the crises at which the trio of interviewees offers revealing looks. Another bonus is fact many pages cover the lost history of Cuba’s military involvement with kindred political spirits in Angola, Namibia and South Africa. In those three conflicts alone, Cuba invested considerable forces under the guiding principle of furthering internationalism, to varying success. Former Cuban general and book participant Armando Choy and others tell the tales with splashes of pragmatism, not unlike many military history books before them.

However, fair warning: if you are looking for a critical examination of the Cuban Revolution, this book is not the one. While anecdotes of the racism Chinese-Cubans faced and other social problems are noted, Our History Is Still Being Written generally presents a positive picture of the Cuban Revolution. No surprise necessarily, as the publisher is avowedly socialist, but fans of military history books may find this volume incomplete.

Peak Everything

 
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A growing number of books are addressing the need for a greater focus on renewable resources and simplicity as instruments of survival. Peak Everything: Waking Up to the Centrury of Decline by Richard Heinberg helps make inroads.

Peak EverythingIn Peak Everything, author Heinberg puts forward a variety of arguments that are not unusual. Over the last half decade, a new wave of books warning of catastrophic social crisis have helped many people come to greater awareness about the use of resources and foreign policy errors. Heinberg delivers a knockout of his own with Peak Everything, which is built on the premise that, more than just peak oil, the United States is faced with a situation in which massive demand of goods and services has taxed supply into retreat.

The author is quick to acknowledge this topic isn’t exactly cheery dinner conversation. Mainstream media reporters, often wrapped up in tabloid headlines, seem to glaze over when one brings up sustainability or the potential societal crash many scientists and others have long warned about. Heinberg is undaunted, however, and brings up a variety of engrossing theories, from phasing out coal to the nudge of enlightened individualism as a tool that is depoliticizing our cultural climate. This approach makes Peak Everything effective.

Heinberg succeeds where others struggle by making his tale one in which copious data, political and social theory, history, technology and nuanced concepts of language and consumerism emerge united as wolves in sheep’s clothing — plagues that seem like boons, creating a false sense of security, even justifications for excess. Heinberg’s prose is methodical and stirring. He flits from discussing capital’s great proponents to current studies to political theory with ease. Peak Everything is infinitely readable and interesting.

Islamophobia

 
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Most in the United States are not challenged enough to consider what they think of Muslims. Islam rivals the Christian faith in adherents, with a multi-ethnic, multi-national reach. Islamphobia: Making Muslims the Enemy by Peter Gottschalk and Gabriel Greenberg digs into how discomfort in openly looking at Islam has opened up a space for prejudice and reaction.

IslamophobiaUsing the Danish publication of depictions of the Prophet Mohammed and the ensuing riots over such, authors Gottschalk and Greenberg bring light to topics most people take for granted, specifically the lack of understanding among Western countries’ of those of the Muslim faith, and the method in which their beliefs are represented in mass media. This book intelligently contextualizes Muslim history against a backdrop of European imperialism; that section is brief, for those who have read such history, but is detailed enough to introduce the casual reader to such matters. However, the history lesson is brief, and the authors are quick to relate the Muslim image in contemporary journalism.

Islamophobia builds a considerable body of research from the mainstream media, most notably editorial cartoons, a good number of which are shared in the book. Just looking for the way newspapers’ editorial staffs represent Muslims, the authors note, the uninformed could assume the average Muslim to be Arab, intolerant of progress, and wielding a curved blade. Many of these stereotypes, the authors recognize, are portrayed with a purpose: to make America, in the guise of Uncle Sam or Lady Liberty, out to be a defender of freedom, progress and justice. Other times, images seem aimed at reinforcing Bush Administration positions on a host of issues.

Islamophobia is likely to be controversial to some for implications that fear of Muslims has become the new anti-Semitism. But the important book must be read on its merits, to which there are many.